Advantages of Using a Layered Model
- Allows a layer to be changed without impacting the rest of the model.
- Interoperability between network applications is improved by using a standard interface.
- Design and development efforts can be made in a modular fashion.
- Network operations and troubleshooting can be simplified.
Five Conversion Steps of Data Encapsulation Data >> Segments >> Packets >> Frames >> Bits
- Upper layers convert and format the information into data and send it to the Transport Layer.
- The Transport layer turns the data into segments and adds headers then sends them to the Network layer.
- The Network layer receives the segments and converts them into packets and adds header information (logical addressing) and sends them to the Data Link Layer.
- The Data Link layer receives the packets and converts them into frames and adds header information (physical source and destination addresses) and sends the frames to the Physical Layer.
- The Physical layer receives the frames and converts them into bits to be put on the network medium.
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